The total dissolved solids tds in such water can vary but tds could be as low as 1 mgl. Reverse electrodialysis red is one of the emerging, membrane based. Reverse electrodialysis for salinity gradient power generation. This phd thesis investigates the design and optimization of the reverse electrodialysis process, with a strong focus on membranes and ion transport, concentration polarization phenomena and spacer. The performance of a scaledup reverse electrodialysis stack 1 8. Towards implementation of reverse electrodialysis for power. A method of utilizing the energy produced by this process by means of a heat engine was invented by prof. A multiphysical model of reverse electrodialysis units was developed. Using combined electrodialysis reverse osmosis a thesis presented to the academic faculty by cindy jackson in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree master of science in the school of.
Mass transport in reverse electrodialysis sustainable. Performance of a stack with 50 cells on the mixing 83 of sea and river water 6. Electrodialysis ed is a membrane separation process that utilizes an electrical potential difference as a driving force for moving salt ions in solutions. Sidney loeb in 1977 at the bengurion university of the negev. Secondly, there are ionic shortcut currents, arising from the transport of.
Aug 10, 2018 electrodialysis reversal edr technology and its specific application fit is explained. Preliminary theoretical research from a 2009 thesis paper from the netherlands, lue energy. Reverse electrodialysis red is a promising technology to extract energy from salinity gradients, especially in the areas where concentrated brine and saline waters are available as feed streams. In this study, the performance of ed and edr processes has been examined in the removal of copper from the dilute solutions. Electricity production from salinity gradients by reverse electrodialysis by jan post states that 1m3 of salt water mixing with 1m3 of fresh water, assuming a salinity gradient of 1. Treatment of highly scaling flows without expensive chemical treatment, selective extraction of ions, and. Reverse electrodialysis is one of the technologies that can harvest this sustainable energy source. Edr is not a competitor to reverse osmosis, but rather each have a specific fit. The work was carried out from august 2012 to june 20. Salinity gradients using reverse electrodialysis and capacitive mixing a dissertation in mechanical engineering by marta c. In red, a concentrated salt solution and a less concentrated. It was found that reverse electrodialysis red commonly known as blue energy is. Conclusions dilute solution investigation of reverse electrodialysis units by multiphysical modelling. Reverse electrodialysis and capacitive reverse electrodialysis.
In this introduction to the thesis, we provide a short overview of the thermodynamic base in section 1. Ion exchange is primarily used for the removal of hardness ions, such as magnesium and calcium, and for water demineralization. Pressure retarded osmosis pro, and reversed electro dialysis red. In red, energy is produced through the controlled mixing of seawater with a diluted stream. As the fields of reverse electrodialysis red and that of electrolysis are not yet integrated yet, there is no proper comparative study to the cost of hydrogen obtained from this route, compared to traditional routes for hydrogen. Analyze the technology of reverse electrodialysis coupled with hydrogen production, and quantify the energy losses. At the same time, the european union project reapower.
Brackish waters lie under approximately two thirds of the united states, and inland rivers, such as the. This thesis is dedicated to the precise analysis and assessment of reverse logistics and finding possible solutions for the optimization of reverse. At the end, the scope and outline of this thesis are presented. Salinitygradient energy, blue energy, reverse electrodialysis, pressureretarded osmosis, power. Electricity production from salinity gradients by reverse. Design and optimization by modeling and experimentation. Smart flow strategies for reverse electrodialysis pdf 8 mb. Using desalination technologies for water treatment. Asymmetrical electrode system for stable operation of a. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record publication date. Reverse osmosis ro and nanofiltration nf in relation to thermal processes, reverse osmosis ro is a relatively new process that was commercialized in the 1970s buros, 2000. T1 mass transport in reverse electrodialysis for sustainable energy generation. Thesis, wageningen university, wageningen the netherlands 2009.
Reverse electrodialysis red is the salinity gradient energy retrieved from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water. Currently, ro is the most widely used method for desalination in the united states. Ed vs ro the benefits of electrodialysis for desalination. Historically costprohibitive, electrodialysis is now viable alternative to reverse osmosis maybe even a better one.
Investigation of reverse electrodialysis units by multi. Previous research already investigated reverse electrodialysis red and assisted reverse electrodialysis ared as predesalination. Development of a reverse osmosiselectrodialysis process to. Energy generation from salinity gradients through reverse. Reverse electrodialysis was selected for further investigation in this thesis, after an. Comparison of electrodialysis and reverse electrodialysis.
Using combined electrodialysisreverse osmosis a thesis presented to the academic faculty by cindy jackson in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree master of science in the school of earth and atmospheric sciences georgia institute of technology august 2009. Multiphysical modelling of reverse electrodialysis. Reverse osmosis ro and nanofiltration nf in relation to thermal processes, reverse osmosis ro is a relatively new process that was. The principles and history of converting the difference between the chemical potentials of concentrated and dilute salt solutions to useful energy by reverse electrodialysis red are discussed. N2 reverse electrodialysis red is a clean, sustainable technology for the generation of energy from the mixing of solutions with different salinity.
Electrodialysis reversal edr technology and its specific application fit is explained. The technique works by utilising the transport of cations and anions through ionexchange membranes iems to create an electrical current, via differences in chemical potential, when mixing salt solutions of different concentrations. Electrodialysis ed or electrodialysis reversal edr is an electrochemical chargedriven separation process where dissolved ions are separated through ion permeable membranes under the influence of an electrical potential gradient. Reverse electrodialysis red is an emerging membranebased energy conversion process used to extract electricity by mixing two water streams of different salinities. Reverse electrodialysis red is an emerging membranebased process for clean energy conversion. University of groningen reverse electrodialysis design and. Electrodialysis ed is an electrically driven membrane process used to demineralize brackish water. Comparison of six commercial membrane pairs on 107 the thermodynamic effi ciency and power density 7.
Mayere, abdulkarim 2011 solar powered desalination. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record includes final page, issue and volume numbers. Edr 101 electrodialysis reversal i saltworks techologies. This thesis then compares red to other environmental energy. Energy generation from mixing salt water and fresh water. Modelling the reverse electrodialysis process with seawater and concentrated brines. Microbial reverseelectrodialysis electrolysis and chemical. In a largescale reverse electrodialysis red system comprising several hundreds of cell pairs, the contribution of electrode resistance to total resistance is very small compared to that in typical. Ion exchange and demineralization summary ion exchange and membrane processes are becoming used extensively in water and wastewater treatment.
Electrodialysis ed or electrodialysis reversal edr is an electrochemical chargedriven separation process where dissolved ions are separated through ion. In this study, an alternative solution that relies on electrodialysis. Firstly in an ion exchange membrane, besides the wanted transport of the counterions, there is a transport of coions due to the fact that membranes are not 100% selective. Reverse electrodialysis is a conversion technique to obtain electricity from salinity gradients. A multiscale model for the reverse electrodialysis process with seawater and concentrated brines desalination for the environment, clean water and energy barcelona, spain april 2012 reverse electrodialysis with seawater and concentrated brine. Pdf salinity gradient power, generated from the reversible mixing of seawater. Pdf energy generation from salinity gradients through. T1 anion exchange membrane design for reverse electrodialysis. Salinity gradient represents an interesting renewable energy source. Mass transport in reverse electrodialysis sustainable energy. Reverse electrodialysis design and optimization by modeling and experimentation ceremony friday, 1st october 2010 at 14. An assessment of reverse electrodialysis for application. The ions will move spontaneously from the seawater to the diluted compartment. This thesis was prepared to accomplish the requirements in the master of science in the faculty of natural science and technology at the university of stavanger.
Ro brine reverse osmosisbrine concentrator concentrator. Reverse electrodialysis red is an ion exchange membranebased process that convert directly the salinity gradient energy into electric current. What follows are the benefits of ed in comparison to ro, since the latter is the current standard. Reversed electro dialysis red uses the transport of salt ions through. Preliminary theoretical research from a 2009 thesis paper from the netherlands, blue energy. While current research has largely focused on utilizing red for largescale commercial power, this thesis.
Pdf modelling the reverse electrodialysis process with. Reverse electrodialysis red is a promising and potentially attractive technology for the generation of sustainable energy from the mixing of salt and fresh water. Electrodialysis ed is a new advanced separation process that is commonly utilized for producing drinking water from water bodies as well as for the treatment of industrial effluents. A microbial reverse electrodialysis electrolysis and chemicalproduction. This phd thesis investigates the design and optimization of the reverse electrodialysis process, with a strong focus on membranes and ion transport, concentration polarization phenomena and spacer properties in relation to the. However, existing ro products can recover only 2550% of the feed water supplied as usable product water. Edr is not a competitor to reverse osmosis, but rather each have a. High power densities have been obtained in small lab scale systems, but translation to large industrial scale. Sep 10, 2003 fair, the effect of finite driving forces on the reverse electrodialysis characteristics of charged capillary membranes, ph. The membrane is selective in that itll only permit the passage of either anions or cations but not both. Mass transport in reverse electrodialysis for sustainable. Mayere, phd thesis, 2011 5 abstract despite water being apparently abundant, up to half of the world. Reverse electrodialysis design and optimization by modeling and experimentation. Reverse electrodialysis red is a nonpolluting, sustainable technology that converts the free energy of mixing of two solutions with different salinity directly into electrical energy.
Reverse electrodialysis, wageningen university, phd thesis. Experimental and modeling studies on reverse electrodialysis for. Final report, author not available, abstractnote the principles and history of converting the difference between the chemical potentials of concentrated and dilute salt solutions to useful energy by reverse electrodialysis red are discussed. Aug 11, 2015 it is also being used increasingly to supplement dwindling available resources and mitigate saltwater intrusion of aquifers.
Electrodialysis reversal edr and increasing innovations. Pdf theoretical power density from salinity gradients using. Towards implementation of reverse electrodialysis for power generation from salinity gradients article in desalination and water treatment 16 april 2010 with 215 reads how we measure reads. Reverse electrodialysis red is a means by which to produce electrical power through the. Reverse electrodialysis red is a potentially very attractive technology for the production of energy from the mixing of fresh and salt water fig. Reverse electrodialysis red is based on the principle that ionic compounds such as salts dissolve in water into charged ions. Anion exchange membrane design for reverse electrodialysis. In some applications, such as fgd or produced water, edr can provide a compelling cost advantage. An assessment of reverse electrodialysis for application to. Development of a reverse osmosiselectrodialysis process to concentrate natural organic matter welcome to the ideals repository javascript is disabled for your browser. The process of reverse electrodialysis generates a voltage from an ionic gradient separated by a semipermeable membrane, forming a concentration cell 3. Apr 08, 2014 natural mineral carbonation can be accelerated using acid and alkali solutions to enhance atmospheric co2 sequestration, but the production of these solutions needs to be carbonneutral.
Reverse electrodialysis red is an electrochemical membrane process that directly converts the energy associated with the concentration difference between two salt solutions into electrical energy by means of a selective controlled mixing. Pdf reverse electrodialysis red is a technology to generate power from mixing waters with different salinity. May 31, 2017 electrodialysis ed and electrodialysis reversal edr processes have been often used for separation of ions in dilute solutions. Optimization, process control, and renewable energy application a thesis by brett mareth submitted to the. Reverse electrodialysis red is a promising technology for electric power generation by converting the chemical potential difference of a salinity gradient, within a stack equipped by selective ionexchange. Reverse electrodialysis in charged capillary membranes. It uses the free energy of mixing two solutions of different salinity e. Summary 6 s summary energy generation from mixing salt water and fresh water smart flow strategies for reverse electrodialysis reverse electrodialysis red is a technology to capture renewable energy. The electrical conductivity is generally less than 2 msm and may even be lower reverse electrodialysis red is a technology to produce electrical energy from the salinity difference between two salt solutions. Thereby, two solutions at different concentrations are fed into two series of alternated channels. First, applied voltage, initial concentration, flow rate, type of electrolyte and the effect of concentration were determined for both. Nov, 2017 this study employs theory and experimental data from a laboratoryscale electrodialyzer to predict sodium chloride nacl mass transport and concentration distribution along the electrodialyzer as a function of feed concentration, feed flow rate, applied voltage, and pressure. Reverse electrodialysis red is a renewable, nonpolluting way to generate electricity by mixing water with di. A periodic portion of a cell pair was simulated by the nernstplanck approach.
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